護家盟自己寫說他們引用的文獻是Goldberg, Kashy& Smith在2012年的研究,然後以此證明說「女同志家庭所養育之男性,比較容易缺少男子氣概」,真的是這樣嗎?這篇研究論文的研究結果真的是這樣嗎?以下就來討論這篇論文:
文章中所作之研究結論為:「若比較2-4歲,被領養的第一個小孩,在同性雙親家庭所表現出玩玩具的男女差異,比在異性雙親家庭還來得小。也就是同性雙親家庭的男孩,玩玩具時對於傳統『男孩玩具、男孩玩法』的喜好傾向較不明顯;同性雙親家庭的女孩,玩玩具時對於傳統『女孩玩具、女孩玩法』的喜好傾向較不明顯。這其中又以女同性雙親的男孩最為明顯。」
我不曉得,從這樣的結論,為什麼可以推論到「女同志家庭所養育之男性,比較容易缺少男子氣概」,畢竟一個男孩在玩玩具,不論他玩什麼,我們都不會覺得他的樣子很有「男子氣概」吧!而從玩玩具的偏好,就直接斷言未來成年後是否會有足夠的「男子氣概」,這根本就是毫無根據的亂湊。(Goldberg, 2012這篇文章從頭到尾都沒有這樣的結論,他還強調研究的結果只適用在2-4歲的孩子身上。)
以下是這篇paper中有提出,但被護家盟忽略的一些重點節錄:
Children’s gender-typed play behavior reflects not only the influence of parents but other socialization agents as well. Peers play an increasingly influential role in children’s gender-typed behavior and interests across development (Marmion and Lundberg-Love 2004); thus, the differences across family type that were observed in the current sample may narrow as the children age and enter formal schooling.
(孩子對遊戲的性別傾向不只受家長影響,亦受其他社會因素影響。同儕在小孩的發展過程中,對於遊戲的性別傾向影響力是逐漸加劇的,因此本研究的樣本僅限於學齡前的兒童。)
By extension, gender flexibility may have psychological benefits for children. For example, a Dutch study of children (aged 8–12) in 63 lesbian-mother families and 68 heterosexual-parent families found that boys who scored higher on conventionally feminine traits had better psychological adjustment scores than boys with low femininity scores, regardless of family type (Bos et al. 2006).
(對性別認同的彈性對孩子的心裡是有好處的。荷蘭的研究顯示,女性特質分數較高的男孩,在心理調適能力的成績較好。)
Bos and Sandfort (2010) studied 8–12 yearold children in 63 lesbian-mother families and 68 heterosexual-parent families in the Netherlands and found that children, regardless of gender, in lesbian-mother families felt less pressure to conform to gender stereotypes, and were less likely to view their own gender as superior, compared to children in heterosexual-parent families.
(女同性雙親的孩子,較不受要求表現性別刻板行為的壓力,且也較不會將自己的性別看得比較優越。)
Engaging in less gender-typed play behavior may be associated with positive outcomes in children. One consequence of children developing gender-stereotyped toy preferences is that it may constrain their experiences, since different types of toys facilitate different types of skill-building (Martin et al. 1995).
(參與較少性別刻板印象的遊戲,對孩子會有正面的影響。發展性別刻板印象的遊戲會使他們的經驗受限,也減少不同技能學習的機會。)
護家盟所引用的這篇Goldberg, Kashy,& Smith, 2012的文章,根本在強調減少孩子對於玩具和遊戲方式的性別刻板印象,是有好處的。而且文章中也提到「對玩具及遊戲的偏好」並不代表「對性別的偏好」,也不代表「對自己性別認同的偏好」。
不管怎麼看,引用這篇文章反而是在說明同性雙親的優點,護家盟又在盜用科學文獻來騙你了。